Calculation of Hamaker Constants in Nonaqueous Fluid Media

Hamaker constants in integrated circuit metalization.

A new method for determining Hamaker constants was examined for materials of interest in integrated circuit manufacture. An ultra-high vacuum atomic force microscope and an atomic force microscope operated in a nitrogen environment were used to measure the interaction forces between metals, dielectrics, and barriers used during the metalization portion of integrated circuit manufacturing. The m...

Determination of Tafel Constants from Polarization Curves and Calculation of Steel Corrosion in High Electrical Resistivity Media such as Concrete

Determination of Tafel Constants from Polarization Curves and Calculation of Steel Corrosion in High Electrical Resistivity Media such as Concrete

CFD-Calculation of Fluid Flow in a

An accurate description of the fluid flow and heat transfer within a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR), for the safety analysis and reactor performance is always desirable. In this paper a mathematical model of the fundamental physical phenomena which are associated to a typical PWR is presented. The mathematical model governs the fluid dynamics in the reactor. Using commercial software CFX, a co...

Preparation of Ethylenediamine by Ammonolysis of 1,2-Dichloroethane in Nonaqueous Media

Kinetic parameters of the ammonolysis reaction of dichloroethane in nonaqueous media are studied and the optimum reaction conditions are reported. A suitable reactor for running the reaction under high pressure in the range of 50 to 500 °C is designed. Kinetic behaviours of the system is studied and other reaction parameters such as rate constant, kinetic order, and activation energy are de...